2、掌握EIGRP的metric值修改方法。
3、掌握EIGRP的AD、FD、FC、Successor、FS概念。
配置完各个路由器的IP地址,并确认连接正常,配置好相应的EIGRP。
R1到R3的192.168.1.1/24的路由:
R1#show ip route
<------省略部分输出------>
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 172.16.1.8 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 172.16.1.4 [90/2681856] via 172.16.1.10, 00:14:27, Serial0/1
[90/2681856] via 172.16.1.2, 00:14:27, Serial0/0
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2297856] via 172.16.1.10, 00:00:11, Serial0/1
到达192.168.1.0的网络的下一跳为172.16.1.10,为了提高网络传输性能,需要同时使用下一跳为172.16.1.2的路由,即使用另外一条metric值不相等的路径做均衡负载。
如果需要使用另外一条路径,则需要确保R2成为R1到达192.168.1.0/24网络的可行后继(FS),要想成为FS,则需要满足可行条件(FC)。
在R1上查看EIGRP的拓扑表,没有发现R2出现在R1的拓扑表中:
R1#show ip eigrp 50 topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(50)/ID(172.16.1.9)
<------省略部分输出------>
P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2297856
via 172.16.1.10 (2297856/128256), Serial0/1
<------省略部分输出------> 没有出现R2的IP,说明R2不是R1到达192.168.1.0/24的FS。 查看完整的拓扑表: R1#show ip eigrp 50 topology all-links <------省略部分输出------> P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2297856, serno 5 <------省略部分输出------> 可以看出R2不满足可行条件(AD of secondary-best route < FD of best route(Successor) = Feasible Successor),而这里是:某AD=某FD=2297856 ,因此不满足条件,所以R2不是R1到达192.168.1.0/24的FS。 通过修改R2到达R3的串口的带宽和延迟,确保R2到达192.168.1.0/24的网络的FD变小,此值在R1上显示为AD。 先查看当前R2到达R3的串口的带宽和延迟: R2#show int s0/1 可以看出BW=1544Kbit,那两个值相等,只改带宽这个值就可以达到要求,延迟可以不改。 修改配置如下: R2#conf t 再去查看R1上的拓扑表: R1#show ip eigrp 50 top <------省略部分输出------> P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2297856 <------省略部分输出------> 此时,R1已经把R2当成是自己的可行后继。 然后根据如下公式配置R1的EIGRP的variance值: FD of FS route < FD of best route(Successor) * Varince 根据公式可得出: 2809856 <= 2297856 * x ==》 x≈1.22 所以条件是:x => 1.22 为了测试,先在R1上配置variance值为1,观察路由表: R1#conf t <------省略部分输出------> Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets 把R1的variance值修改为2后,观察路由表: R1#conf t Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets 设置正确的variance值后,此处显示为正确的不等价均衡负载的路由。 下面跟踪一下试试: R1#traceroute 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. 1 172.16.1.10 144 msec(这里第一跳是172.16.1.10) Type escape sequence to abort. 1 172.16.1.2 48 msec(这里第一跳是172.16.1.2) 不等价负载均衡已经起作用。
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(50)/ID(172.16.1.9)
via 172.16.1.10 (2297856/128256), Serial0/1
via 172.16.1.2 (2809856/2297856), Serial0/0
Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is M4T
Internet address is 172.16.1.5/30
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
R2(config)#int s0/1
R2(config-if)#bandwidth 64000(此值1-10000000之间)
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(50)/ID(172.16.1.9)
via 172.16.1.10 (2297856/128256), Serial0/1
via 172.16.1.2 (2809856/679936), Serial0/0
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router eigrp 50
R1(config-router)#variance 1
R1(config-router)#end
R1#clear ip route *
R1#show ip route
C 172.16.1.8 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 172.16.1.4 [90/2681856] via 172.16.1.10, 00:00:03, Serial0/1
[90/2681856] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2297856] via 172.16.1.10, 00:00:03, Serial0/1
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router eigrp 50
R1(config-router)#var 2
R1(config-router)#end
R1#clear ip route *
R1#show ip route
<------省略部分输出------>
C 172.16.1.8 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 172.16.1.4 [90/2681856] via 172.16.1.10, 00:00:04, Serial0/1
[90/2681856] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/0
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2297856] via 172.16.1.10, 00:00:04, Serial0/1
[90/2809856] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/0
Tracing the route to 192.168.1.1
172.16.1.2 108 msec *
R1#traceroute 192.168.1.1
Tracing the route to 192.168.1.1
172.16.1.10 44 msec
172.16.1.2 28 msec