35. Using Route Maps to Configuring BGP Local Preference

1、掌握基于 route-map 的本地优先配置方法。

2、使用 route-map 配置可以定置基于目标网络的本地优先。

 

网络图:

image.png


配置好各路由器的IP地址等基本信息,测试互连可达。

配置好各路由器的BGP协议。

 

查看R3和R4的路由表:

R3#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B       172.16.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:52

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1

     130.130.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B       130.130.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.1.1, 00:01:23  ---->下一跳是192.168.1.1

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0

B    192.168.2.0/24 [200/0] via 10.1.1.2, 00:02:00

     150.150.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B       150.150.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:22 ---->下一跳是192.168.1.1

 

R4#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B       172.16.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.2.2, 00:02:29

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1

     130.130.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B       130.130.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.2.2, 00:01:58 ---->下一跳是192.168.2.2

B    192.168.1.0/24 [200/0] via 10.1.1.1, 00:01:05

C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0

     150.150.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

B       150.150.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:57 ---->下一跳是192.168.2.2

 

这里假设R1和R4之间的链路是100Mbps的以太网,其它的都是2Mbps的串行链路,得出下表信息:

 

(S:Serial  F:FastEthernet  Lo:Loopback)

R3---(S)--->R2---(Lo)--->150.150.1.0/24

R3---(S)--->R2---(S)---->R1---(Lo)--->130.130.1.0/24

R3---(S)--->R4---(F)---->R1---(Lo)--->130.130.1.0/24

R4---(F)--->R1---(Lo)--->130.130.1.0/24

R4---(F)--->R1---(S)---->R2---(Lo)--->150.150.1.0/24

R4---(S)--->R3---(S)---->R2---(Lo)--->150.150.1.0/24

 

按以上表可以看出,R3到130.130.1.0/24的最佳路径是:

R3---(S)--->R4---(F)---->R1---(Lo)--->130.130.1.0/24

 

为了配置BGP协议能够选择预定的最佳路径以到达130.130.1.0/24,可以使用本地优先属性,但是如果仅仅是简单地配置在R3的本地优先级为100,在R4上配置本地优先级为200,那又会产生另外一问题,即如果R3要到达150.150.1.0/24网络,会经过的路径是:

R3---(S)--->R4---(F)---->R1---(S)--->R2---(Lo)--->150.150.1.0/24

 

明显不合理,数据在拓扑中绕了一大圈。

产生此问题的主要原因是:本地优先属性会影响数据流如何流出本地自治系统。

解决的方法是:使用基于router-map的策略配置,针对不同的目标进行路由调整。

 

首先查看R3和R4的BGP路由数据库:

R3#show ip bgp

BGP table version is 12, local router ID is 192.168.1.2

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

              r RIB-failure, S Stale

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 10.1.1.0/24      0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i

* i                 10.1.1.2                 0    100      0 i

* i130.130.1.0/24   192.168.2.2              0    100      0 64512 i

*>                  192.168.1.1                            0 64512 i

* i150.150.1.0/24   192.168.2.2              0    100      0 64512 i

*>                  192.168.1.1              0             0 64512 i

* i172.16.1.0/24    192.168.2.2              0    100      0 64512 i

*>                  192.168.1.1              0             0 64512 i

*> 192.168.1.0      0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i

*                   192.168.1.1              0             0 64512 i

*  192.168.2.0      192.168.1.1                            0 64512 i

*>i                 10.1.1.2                 0    100      0 i

 

R4#show ip bgp

BGP table version is 8, local router ID is 192.168.2.1

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

              r RIB-failure, S Stale

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path

* i10.1.1.0/24      10.1.1.1                 0    100      0 i

*>                  0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i

* i130.130.1.0/24   192.168.1.1              0    100      0 64512 i

*>                  192.168.2.2              0             0 64512 i

* i150.150.1.0/24   192.168.1.1              0    100      0 64512 i

*>                  192.168.2.2                            0 64512 i

* i172.16.1.0/24    192.168.1.1              0    100      0 64512 i

*>                  192.168.2.2              0             0 64512 i

*  192.168.1.0      192.168.2.2                            0 64512 i

*>i                 10.1.1.1                 0    100      0 i

*  192.168.2.0      192.168.2.2              0             0 64512 i

*>                  0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i

 

R3路由器的BGP没有选择192.168.2.2/24的原因是因为BGP的选路规则之一:

EBGP对等体通告的路由优于IBGP对等体通行的路由。(外部优于内部)

 

由于BGP的本地优先属性默认为100,所以在R4上只需要针对130.130.1.0/24的网络调整其本地优先属性大于100即可。

 

配置如下:

R4(config)#access 1 permit 130.130.1.0 0.0.0.255 ---->划定作用范围
R4(config)#route-map set-local-preference permit 10
R4(config-route-map)#match ip add 1 ----->对指定的范围操作 
R4(config-route-map)#set local-preference 200  ---->设置本地优先属性值为200
R4(config-route-map)#exit
R4(config)#route-map set-local-preference per 20  
---->啥都不写默认通过全部,使用默认值

R4(config-route-map)#exit
R4(config)#router bgp 64513

R4(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.2.2 route-map set-local-preference in ---->针对此邻居发送的路由操作,方向是in
R4(config-router)#exit
R4(config)#end
R4#clear ip bgp * soft in

 

完成后查看R4的BGP数据库:

R4#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 8, local router ID is 192.168.2.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* i10.1.1.0/24      10.1.1.1                 0    100      0 i
*>                  0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i
*> 130.130.1.0/24   192.168.2.2              0    200      0 64512 i  ---->目标条目的LocPrf值已经变为200
*> 150.150.1.0/24   192.168.2.2                            0 64512 i
* i                 192.168.1.1              0    100      0 64512 i
*> 172.16.1.0/24    192.168.2.2              0             0 64512 i
* i                 192.168.1.1              0    100      0 64512 i
*  192.168.1.0      192.168.2.2                            0 64512 i
*>i                 10.1.1.1                 0    100      0 i
*  192.168.2.0      192.168.2.2              0             0 64512 i
*>                  0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i

 

查看R3的BGP数据库: 

R3#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 9, local router ID is 192.168.1.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* i10.1.1.0/24      10.1.1.2                 0    100      0 i
*>                  0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i
*  130.130.1.0/24   192.168.1.1                            0 64512 i
*>i                 192.168.2.2              0    200      0 64512 i

                       ----->也变成了200,最前面的“>”指出这是最佳路由
* i150.150.1.0/24   192.168.2.2              0    100      0 64512 i
*>                  192.168.1.1              0             0 64512 i
* i172.16.1.0/24    192.168.2.2              0    100      0 64512 i
*>                  192.168.1.1              0             0 64512 i
*  192.168.1.0      192.168.1.1              0             0 64512 i
*>                  0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i
*  192.168.2.0      192.168.1.1                            0 64512 i
*>i                 10.1.1.2                 0    100      0 i

 

为了确切地判断出R3到达130.130.1.0/24网络使用的是最佳路由,在R4上配置下一跳属性指向自己:

R4(config)#router bgp 64513
R4(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 next-hop-self  ----->指向自己
R4(config-router)#exit

 

再查看R3的BGP数据库:

R3#show ip bgp       
BGP table version is 10, local router ID is 192.168.1.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* i10.1.1.0/24      10.1.1.2                 0    100      0 i
*>                  0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i
*  130.130.1.0/24   192.168.1.1                            0 64512 i
*>i                 10.1.1.2                 0    200      0 64512 i

                        ----->指向了10.1.1.2
* i150.150.1.0/24   10.1.1.2                 0    100      0 64512 i
*>                  192.168.1.1              0             0 64512 i
* i172.16.1.0/24    10.1.1.2                 0    100      0 64512 i
*>                  192.168.1.1              0             0 64512 i
*  192.168.1.0      192.168.1.1              0             0 64512 i
*>                  0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i
*  192.168.2.0      192.168.1.1                            0 64512 i
*>i                 10.1.1.2                 0    100      0 i

 

查看R3和R4的路由表:

R3#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B       172.16.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.1.1, 00:18:45
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
     130.130.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B       130.130.1.0 [200/0] via 10.1.1.2, 00:02:37
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
B    192.168.2.0/24 [200/0] via 10.1.1.2, 00:18:41
     150.150.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B       150.150.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.1.1, 00:18:45

 

R4#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B       172.16.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.2.2, 00:22:08
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
     130.130.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B       130.130.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.2.2, 00:18:10
B    192.168.1.0/24 [200/0] via 10.1.1.1, 00:22:08
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
     150.150.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B       150.150.1.0 [20/0] via 192.168.2.2, 00:22:08

 

通过查看R3和R4的路由表,可以看出本地优先值仅仅影响了64513区域的所有路由器如何到达130.130.1.0/24网络,没有影响其它目标网络。

 

跟踪数据路径: 

R3#tracer 130.130.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 130.130.1.1

  1 10.1.1.2 44 msec 60 msec 16 msec
  2 192.168.2.2 56 msec *  48 msec


R3#tracer 150.150.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 150.150.1.1

  1 192.168.1.1 52 msec *  40 msec 

 

数据已经按目的路径通过。


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